Passive cooling strategies to optimise sustainability and environmental ergonomics in Mediterranean schools based on a critical review

This article identifies and compares the passive cooling strategies used and their relationship to optimising sustainability and environmental ergonomics based on 47 case studies. The analysis of the schools has resulted in the identification of 20 passive strategies, eight parameters related to sustainability and six related to environmental ergonomics. The results show that the most used passive strategies are natural ventilation, green roofs, low thermal transmittance windows and solar shading. In contrast, the least used strategies are ventilated façades and evaporative cooling systems. In terms of sustainability, energy efficiency is present in most case studies; in contrast, the circular economy is hardly considered in schools. In terms of environmental ergonomics, thermal comfort is present in most case studies, while acoustic comfort is not assessed. Furthermore, the results show an absence of optimisation of acoustic and visual comfort, climate change adaptation measures and involvement of the educational community. This work provides a detailed understanding of the status quo for researchers, practitioners and policymakers and predicts the dynamic directions of the field. It highlights the need to incorporate passive design protocols explicitly applied to schools to achieve a sustainable and climate-resilient educational building stock within the principles of the circular economy.Spanish Ministry of Universities - European UnionUniversity of GranadaAndalusian Government POST-DOC_21_00575 FEDER-US-15547Eco-efficiency in educational centres: Innovation, Rehabilitation and regeneration" within ERDF US.20-0

Monitoring and analytics to measure heat resilience of buildings and support retrofitting by passive cooling

Designing buildings to prevent indoor overheating requires the definition of accurate procedures to measure the passive survivability of buildings and support retrofitting. This research proposes innovative diagnostic methods to audit the heat resilience of buildings using long-term monitoring data of temperature and CO2 concentrations. The aim is to identify optimal passive cooling alternatives to retrofit the built environment through a speedy and less-disruptive assessment of the actual building performance. The approach focuses on three steps: (1) characterisation of the overheating situation of the indoor environment by a novel seasonal building overheating index (SBOI) ranging from 0 to 100%; (2) diagnosis of the indoor environment through a heat balance map that divides building performance into four thermal stages related to the positive or negative influence of total heat flux, and the ventilation and infiltration load; (3) and calculation of air change rates associated with ventilation and infiltration per thermal stage using the CO2-based decay method. The diagnostic analytics were developed in Python and tested on three homes. The results demonstrate how the proposed approach can efficiently characterise the overheating situation of buildings, with Home 2 showing the most vulnerable scenario (SBOI>35%). Moreover, the indicators identified the best available passive cooling opportunities concerning the reduction of solar and heat gains for Home 2, and the increase of ventilative cooling for Home 1. The research highlights the role of diagnostic analytics using real monitoring data to audit seasonal building performance beyond standard tests and simulations. The source code can be found at https://github.com/lizanafj/analytics-to-assess-the-heat-resilience-of-buildings.ERDF for the Andalusian region US -15547Andalusian Government US.20-06European Commission 101023241Andalusian Government (Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion y Ciencia) POST- DOC_21-00575Spanish Governmen

A Study on the Parametric Design Parameters That Influence Environmental Ergonomics and Sustainability

The publication is part of Grant FJC2021-047711-I, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000 11033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR awarded to Carmen Díaz-López through contract reference USE-23442-MThe parametric design applied to the built environment is critical to creating sustainable and resilient spaces. However, this research field involves a vast and complex amount of disconnected information. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse research trends in applying parametric design to optimise sustainability and environmental ergonomics parameters in built environments. The following specific objectives are identified to meet this objective: (i) a quantitative analysis based on a systematic literature review; (ii) a qualitative review based on a performance analysis and scientific mapping; and (iii) a comparative analysis of case studies applying parametric language for the optimisation of sustainability and environmental ergonomics parameters. The 1045 research records covering 1974 to 2021 illustrate a field in development that evolves from early digital advances to climate change adaptations, the circular economy and resilience. It highlights the importance of applying bioclimatic techniques in the built environment, identifying the most optimised measures and encouraging the creation of guidelines to serve as a protocol for future studies, contributing to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting trends, establishing research themes, outlining research networks and suggesting areas for further studies.MCIN/AEI FJC2021-047711-IEuropean Commission USE-23442-

Explaining factors of transnational production networks in the EU: core economies versus eastern and soutern peripheries

Este trabajo analiza la estrategia de fragmentación internacional de la producción y la conformación de redes transnacionales en la Unión Europea. A partir de la estimación, con diferentes técnicas, de un modelo de gravedad con datos de comercio de partes y componentes para el sector de la maquinaria y material de transporte, encontramos el papel protagonista que tienen las economías Centrales, y en particular Alemania, en tales redes. Factores como la pertenencia a la UE, la cercanía geográfica y lingüística y la calidad institucional más directamente vinculada al funcionamiento de sector empresarial favorecen el establecimiento y la intensidad de estas cadenas transnacionales de producción. Sin embargo, las diferencias económicas excesivas entre países suponen un lastre cuando se trata de los países Centrales de la UE, mientras que para los países de la Periferia Sur y Este suponen un impulso, apuntando al diferente perfil de integración en redes de unas y otras economíasThis paper focuses on analyzing the strategy of international fragmentation of production and the evolution of the cross-border networks in the European Union. Using a gravity model for trade in parts and components in Machinery and Transport Equipment, our results emphasize the important role of the Core EU economies, in particular Germany, in these networks. Factors such as belonging to the EU as well as the geographical and linguistic proximity and the institutional quality closely linked to the business sector favor the establishment and the intensity of the cross-border production chains. However, excessive economic differences between countries suppose, for the Core EU economies, an obstacle for the functioning of these sharing production networks, whereas for the East and South Periphery those differences suppose an impulse, pointing at the dissimilar profile of these areas (Core and Periphery) in the integration in global network

Estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) para el logro de la competencia del proyecto tuning : desarrollo de un planteamiento estratégico. Táctico y operativo en los estudiantes universitarios

A lo largo de muchos años, la enseñanza tradicional universitaria estaba caracterizada por la sola transmisión de conocimientos. El mundo laboral actual exige que los profesionales egresados de la universidad tengan, además, ciertas competencias diferenciadoras que demandan las empresasque les permita un mejor desempeño, así se evidencia en el estudio de Fuentes (2008) quien señala que a través de algunos estudios demuestran que los universitarios titulados carecen de algunas competencias o habilidades que demandan las empresas. Por otro lado, la formación basada en competencias posibilita la inserción natural y continua de las personas en el mercado de trabajo (Lorente, 2012). Esta situación ha generado que hoy las universidades internacionales se preocupen por una formación profesional en competencias. Así, la Declaración de Bolonia (1999) fue una muestra clara del compromiso a reformar las estructuras de los sistemas de Educación Superior de manera convergente. Por su parte el Proyecto Tuning (2002) fue una respuesta al enorme desafío que planteó la Unión Europea, para sintonizar las estructuras educativas de Europa y determinar competencias genéricas y específicas para cada disciplina o profesión. Es así, que, a nivel mundial se viene trabajando y dando mayor importancia a utilizar estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje para lograr mejores competencias universitarias. Por lo que la forma de aprender y de enseñar fue modificado por el enfoque educativo por competencias (Rue, 2002). El aprendizaje por competencias, tal como lo señalan Valle & Manso (2013), es una respuesta educativa a la sociedad contemporánea, indicando que una sociedad vista como una red compleja de fenómenos (como la globalización, el multiculturalismo, las TIC, la búsqueda de la eficiencia, la aspiración a la calidad, etc), explican las razones por las que surge el aprendizaje por competencias y que la educación debe dar respuesta a todos ellos. La importancia de proporcionarle al estudiante, herramientas que le permitan aplicar los conocimientos a la vida cotidiana, es fundamental, para garantizar que su aprendizaje sea transformador (Pineda. 2013). En consecuencia, la presente investigación pretendía evaluar la influencia de la Estrategia de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), en el logro de la Competencia del Proyecto Tuning: Desarrollo de un Planeamiento Estratégico, Táctico y Operativo en los estudiantes del IX ciclo de la Carrera Profesional de Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo - 2015. Los resultados muestran que se puede reconocer que, luego de haber aplicado el Programa conteniendo las sesiones de enseñanza-aprendizaje, existe un uso y conocimiento de la Estrategia de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas en un 96.47% mejorando la Competencia del Proyecto Tuning: Desarrollo de un Planeamiento Estratégico, Táctico y Operativo en un 93.65%.Over many years, the traditional university teaching was characterized by the single transmission of knowledge. The current labor market requires professional college graduates also have certain differentiating competencies required by companies to enable them perform better and evidencedin the study of Fuentes (2008) who notes that through some studies show that university graduates lack some skills or abilities required by companies. On the other hand, competency-based training allows insertion and continuous natural persons in the labor market (Lorente, 2012). This situation has generated international universities today are concerned about professional skills training. Thus, the Bologna Declaration (1999) was a clear sign of commitment to reform the structures of higher education systems in a convergent manner. Meanwhile the Tuning Project (2002) was a response to the enormous challenge posed the European Union, to tune educational structures in Europe and determine generic and specific skills for each discipline or profession. Thus, that world has been working and giving more importance to use teaching-learning strategies to achieve better academic skills. So the way of learning and teaching was amended by the educational competence approach (Rue, 2002). The importance of providing the student with tools to apply knowledge to everyday life, it is essential to ensure that their learning is transformative (Pineda, 2013). Consequently, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of Strategy Teaching- Based Learning (PBL) in the achievement of Competence Tuning Project: Operational and Tactical, Strategic, Planning Development of cycle IX in students of career in Business Administration of Antonio Guillermo Urrelo Private University -2015. The results show that you can recognize that , after applying the program containing the teachinglearning sessions , there is a use and knowledge of the Teaching Strategy - Based Learning in improving 96.47 % Competence of Tuning Project: Operational and Tactical, Strategic, Planning Development in a 93.65 %

Inversión pública y crecimiento económico. Una revisión crítica con propuesta de futuro

The relationship between public investment and economic performance has received a substantial attention by economists and policy-makers over the recent few years. In such a way, several approaches have been followed, from different theoretical and empirical points of view. The aim of this paper is to survey the main results found in the literature, especially those concerning productive public spending and economic growth. Moreover, we present a simple growth model in which regional characteristics are explicitly taken into account.Growth, infrastructures, regional policy

Public investment and growth: a survey

The relationship between public investment and economic is one of the most highly debated issues in economic policy circles in recent years. This topic has been analyzed from several approaches, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective. In this paper we present a survey of the main results found in the literature, with a special emphasis on those concerning productive public spending and economic growth.Growth, infrastructures, regional policy

Debt deferral and staged payments of taxes

RESUMEN: Este trabajo se ocupa de analizar los elementos de la figura del aplazamiento y fraccionamiento del pago de los tributos, herramienta muy utilizada en momentos crisis económicas. ABSTRACT: This work deals with analysing the elements that make up the procedure of debt deferral and staged payments of taxes. This is a widely used tool, especially in times of economic crisis

Videoclip The Amsterdammers

The Amsterdammers es un proyecto audiovisual, que consiste en un videoclip diferente, basado en la técnica timelapse y stop motion, para acompañar a la música. Es una colaboración entre tres disciplinas: fotografía, música y dibujo

Oxidación del tinte azo Orange II mediante MnP en reactores enzimáticos operados en continuo

Los efluentes generados en las industrias textiles contienen una fracción significativa de tintes, que, por adjuntar una intensa coloración, no pueden ser vertidos a los cauces naturales. Estos tintes son de difícil tratamiento, pues los procesos biológicos aerobios convencionales apenas son capaces de degradarlos, mientras que mediante los procesos anaerobios se generan aminas aromáticas de potencial carácter cancerígeno. En este trabajo se plantea, como alternativa, la degradación de tintes mediante las enzimas oxidativas de hongos ligninolíticos y en particular la enzima manganeso peroxidasa (MnP). El objetivo global de este trabajo es el desarrollo de tecnologías avanzadas para el tratamiento en continuo de compuestos xenobióticos, basadas en procesos de oxidación enzimática in vitro. Se ha considerado el tinte Orange II como compuesto modelo